The dating proposals so far are all inferred from the style and the content within the hymns themselves. DatingĪccording to Jamison and Brereton, in their 2014 translation of the Rigveda, the dating of this text "has been and is likely to remain a matter of contention and reconsideration". Ī map of tribes and rivers mentioned in the Rigveda. Some of its verses continue to be recited during Hindu rites of passage celebrations (such as weddings) and prayers, making it probably the world's oldest religious text in continued use. The more recent books (Books 1 and 10) in part also deal with philosophical or speculative questions, virtues such as dāna (charity) in society, questions about the origin of the universe and the nature of the divine, and other metaphysical issues in their hymns. In the eight books – Books 2 through 9 – that were composed the earliest, the hymns predominantly discuss cosmology, rites, rituals and praise deities. The Rigveda Samhita is the core text, and is a collection of 10 books ( maṇḍalas) with 1,028 hymns ( sūktas) in about 10,600 verses (called ṛc, eponymous of the name Rigveda). The text is layered consisting of the Samhita, Brahmanas, Aranyakas and Upanishads. 15 BCE, although a wider approximation of c. The philological and linguistic evidence indicates that the bulk of the Rigveda Samhita was composed in the northwestern region (see Rigvedic rivers) of the Indian subcontinent, most likely between c. The sounds and texts of the Rigveda have been orally transmitted since the 2nd millennium BCE. Its early layers are one of the oldest extant texts in any Indo-European language. The Rigveda is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text. It is one of the four sacred canonical Hindu texts ( śruti) known as the Vedas. The Rigveda or Rig Veda ( Sanskrit: ऋग्वेद ṛgveda, from ṛc "praise" and veda "knowledge") is an ancient Indian collection of Vedic Sanskrit hymns ( suktas). The pitch-accent is marked by underscores and vertical overscores in red. After a scribal benediction ( śrīgaṇéśāyanamaḥ Au3m), the first line has the first pada, RV 1.1.1a ( agniṃ iḷe puraḥ-hitaṃ yajñasya devaṃ ṛtvijaṃ). Also the second sentence clearly says he may be reborn by joining a body and increase his offspring.Rigveda ( padapatha) manuscript in Devanagari, early 19th century. This verse asks Agni to send the dead person to forefathers(Pitrus) through the oblations or last rites done by some people. Wearing new life let him increase his offspring: let ( I don't know what the waters here signify)Īgain, O Agni, to the Fathers send him who, offered in thee, goes with What this verse says is that based on the merit, the spirit of the dead person go to earth (to be born as human) or heaven or waters. Thine home in plants with all thy members.(3) Go, if it be thy lot, unto the waters go, make The Sun receive thine eye, the Wind thy spirit go, as thy merit is, These verses pray to Agni to send the spirit of the dead person to forefathers once the body is perfectly burned up. When he attains unto the life that waits him, he shall When thou hast made him ready, Jātavedas, then do thou give him over O Jātavedas, when thou hast matured him, then
It also says men will notice only one thing (mortal body) and fail to notice the other (Atman).īurn him not up, nor quite consume him, Agni: let not his body or his What this verse says is that there is no time frame for reincarnation.
The he mentioned here is Atma which is immortal and the mortal here is body.
Mark the one and fail to mark the other (16) Ceaseless they move in opposite directions: men Since it is clearly written that it comes again, it clearly denote reincarnation.īack, forward goes he, grasped by power inherent, immortal born theīrother of the mortal. The spirit here denotes Atma which comes to us (human beings) after being somewhere for sometimes. We call the spirit hither with a hero-celebrating strain, Yea, withĮnergy, and life, That we may long behold the Sun (54)
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